Bait and Switch Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Therefore, his offer, whether accepted or not cannot in any way bid the dealership in contract (Lee, 2000). Finally, Tony’s promise on the phone cannot be presumed binding in law and intentions. Explain whether or not advertised specials can be taken advantage of by employees of the advertiser In advertising, it is not speculative that employees of advertisers have colluded with companies to mislead and exploit consumers (Johar, 1996). For example, in this particular advertisement, the advertisement quoted in reduced print font that it was only one at that particular offer. These details were so small that interested buyers would have needed a magnifying glass or a microscope to see it. Without the collusion of the advertiser’s employees and the company, these particular details would have been made visible. Since this fact is well known, some jurisdictions, like the United States have held that using bait and switch operations may be sued in a court of law by affected customers for false advertising and also by competing manufacturers for trademark infringement (Lee, 2000). This means that employees of the advertisers can and have been taking advantage of this consumer influencing tool. We will write a custom essay sample on Bait and Switch or any topic specifical ly for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Explain to what extent an advertisement binds the advertiser to the terms of the advertisement Advertising is a way of appealing to the buyer by sellers by presenting the facts of their services and goods so that they can come and buy. Advertisements, therefore, are supposed to be factual and not misleading as far as all the terms and conditions of the advertised goods and services are concerned. Section 238.2 of Advertising and Communication Law analyzes that no one should create an illusionary statement to create a â€Å"false impression of the grade, quality, value, currency of model, size, color, usability or origin of the product offered† that misrepresents the product to the disappointment of the buyer who may be switched from the advertised products to another (Guides Against Bait Advertising, n.d, p.1). In this case, advertisers should be careful because the details of advertisements placed on the public media bids them to such terms. This rule however has loopholes that contradict the legal process when the cases are being presented (Dingell, 1996). Advertise rs have known how to bend the law, as we saw in Tony’s dealership case, where they surely stated that only one pickup track was under the offer quoted in the advertisement, but did so in a way that could not be seen.

Management Decision Making and Case Study - 3581 Words

Faculty of Business, Economics Accounting Department of Business Studies HELP Bachelor of Business Year 1 (HONS) – HUBBU CASE STUDIES Semester 1, 2011 Subject: MGT 101 Principles of Management Subject Lecturer/ Tutor(s): Puan Norzan Abdullah ANALYZING A CASE STUDY STAGE 1: QUICKLY GO THROUGH THE GENERAL SCENARIO PRESENTED TO GAIN A GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE SITUATION. ï‚ · Underline/highlight information which may indicate problems exist STAGE 2: EXAMINE THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY ï‚ · Read the questions several times-work out what is asking of you STAGE 3: READ THE CASE AGAIN VERY THOROUGHLY ï‚ · Look for evidence STAGE 4: PLAN YOUR ANSWER-SOME GUIDELINES ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · You must be able to cite evidence (s) to support your arguments Apply your†¦show more content†¦CASE STUDY 2 : IKEA’S BELIEVES A STRONG ENVIRONMENTAL STANCE IS GOOD BUSINESS IKEA is an internationally known home furnishing retailer. It has grown rapidly since it was founded in 1943. Today it is the worlds largest furniture retailer, recognized for its Scandinavian style. The majority of IKEAs furniture is flat-pack, ready to be assembled by the consumer. This allows a reduction in costs and packaging. IKEA carri es a range of 9,500 products, including home furniture and accessories. This wide range is available in all IKEA stores and customers can order much of the range online through IKEA’s website. There are 18 stores in the UK to date, the first of which opened in Warrington in 1987. In July 2009 IKEA opened a store in Dublin too - its first in Ireland. IKEA stores include restaurants and cafà ©s serving typical Swedish food. They also have small food shops selling Swedish groceries, everything from the famous meatballs to jam. Stores are located worldwide. In August 2008 the IKEA group had 253 stores in 24 countries, with a further 32 stores owned and run by franchisees. It welcomed a total of 565 million visitors to the stores during the year and a further 450 million visits were made to the IKEA website. IKEA sales reached 21.2 billion Euros in 2008 showing an increase of 7%. The biggest sales countries are Germany, USA, France, UK and Sweden. In 2008 IKEA opened 21 new store s in 11 countries and expects to open around 20Show MoreRelatedLeadership Decision Making. Leaders Will Undeniably Be1147 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Decision Making Leaders will undeniably be faced with a plethora of different decisions to make. Some of the decisions that they make are not necessarily the most important decisions that are needed to be made, and in most cases these minor decisions will affect nobody but themselves. However some of the decisions that they have to make can affect every person that is involved with the task at hand. Making these kind of decisions big and small are part of what is expected from someoneRead MoreCase Study - All Star Sports Catalogue Division Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study: All Star Sports Catalog Division 1 Case Study: Decision Making at the Top – The All Star Sports Catalog Division August 16, 2010 Case Study: All Star Sports Catalog Division 2 All-Star Sports Catalog Division (ASC) participated in a consultant-led study that reviewed the company‟s strategic decision-making process. As Hellings writes in his book of case studies for use by business schools, ASC sought improvement ideas to maximize utilization of successful elements fromRead MoreDecision Tree Case Study1623 Words   |  7 Pages Decision tree analysis Decision tree analysis known as an analytical tool applied to decision-making under condition of uncertainty, also clarifying where there are many possible outcomes for various alternatives and some outcomes are dependent on previous outcomes. However, decision tree will present as a diagram by showing the relationship among possible courses of action, possible events and the potential outcomes for each course of action in the decision (Drury, 2012). So decision tree analysisRead MoreDecision Making Case Study Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesDecision Making Case Study Nadine Ranger Week 3 HCS/514 August 23, 2010 Sara Brown Decision-Making Case Study Effective decision-making is a major component in managing an organization, resources, and staff members.    Managers make important decisions daily that affect the operations, quality, and success of their organization.   Instituting evidence informed decision-making is a growing concept among health care organizations, but managers faceRead MoreA Business Perspective Of Management Discipline1299 Words   |  6 Pages 1. From a business perspective why is management discipline important? Compare and contrast the management discipline to medicine and law (how are these similar and how are they different - be specific in your explanations and provide examples to support your response). From a business perspective management discipline is as important as the next key factor to company success because it, â€Å"...drives the field forward† (Magretta, 9). Having discipline can help to set measurable goals, stay on trackRead MoreImproving Leadership Effectiveness And Characteristics Of An Empowered Workplace1393 Words   |  6 Pagesimportance of communication, high performance in the workplace, team concepts and member roles, problem solving styles, and the stages in the life of a group will be discussed as well as applied to the case study The Chattanooga Ice Cream Division. The reader will learn about the point of the case study, and how it illustrates different areas of improving leadership effectiveness. Principles and Characteristics of an Empowered Workplace In the workplace, there are principles and characteristics thatRead MoreGreen Procurements And Managerial Decision Making1080 Words   |  5 Pages GREEN PROCUREMENTS AND MANAGERIAL DECISION MAKING IN SUPPLY CHAIN ENVIRONMENTS: A REVIEW OF NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY APPROACH Research Background Establishing the context Increasingly, individuals, organizations and governments have become very concerned about the impacts of public procurement and utilizations of goods and services on the environment in particular and society as a whole. Regarding the scale, recent estimates suggest between 8-25 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) of OrganizationRead MoreEssay about Homework Week 1 OB633 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Case Study: Improving Health by Getting Lean 1. What perspective(s) of organizational effectiveness best describe the application of lean management practices? Describe how specific elements of that perspective related to the interventions described in this case study. This case study utilized several perspectives of organizational effectiveness to help adapt their goal of lean management. Within the open system perspective the most common strategy is to change the company’s products and servicesRead MoreWhat Does Politics Play A Role? A Government?1531 Words   |  7 Pages Case Study Review To begin this assessment, we ask the question, how why and how does politics play a role in government. Initially, the answer is obvious; politics is the process by which governments operate. However, for this essay the definition of politics has a more distinctive and idiosyncratic meaning. What we find with politics is that it is found in all organizations, both public and private. Organizational politics refers to how people develop power and social networks in attempts to influenceRead MoreOperations Management Is The Branch Of Management’S Science1571 Words   |  7 PagesOperations Management is the branch of management’s science concerned in studying how to achieve successful management with the day-by-day operations of an organization. This study is dedicated in developing and applying the methods that are necessary to achieve business and operations improvement of the company. You may find operations problems in any area of the company and production and those problems may start in buying the feedstock of the products and go from there to even the distribution

Fashion Boutique Industry of Kathmandu Free Essays

string(109) " This study is not absolutely free from limitations; the limitations that may be observed are as follows: a\." Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration. This proposal writing assignment was guided by our course instructor Mr.. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Boutique Industry of Kathmandu or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parka’s C. Battier and with his help and my interest I selected the topic: An Overview of the Fashion Boutique Industry of Nepal. I have always been interested in fashion. When I was given this opportunity to do a project work on the interest of my choice, I had no doubt it was going to be related with the fashion industry of Nepal. The fashion industry worldwide seems to be at its glamorous eight, having its reach from New York to Paris to London and Tokyo. All over the globe the latest trends travel so fast that designers are busy making forecasts for each and every season and occasion they can think of. The modern technologies, media, and the entertainment industry have propelled fashion into new, unforeseeable heights. People everywhere are becoming more and more fashion conscious and the Naples are not behind. The increasing number of trendy boutiques in Nepal and almost every major street being lined up with fashion and clothing stores show there is a rising demand for high fashion among the modern Naples. The fashion industry is very lucrative and its scope is unlimited. Nepal, being such a culturally and naturally diverse country, has a lot of inspiration for the fashion industry. If this diversity can be converted into creativity and be sustainable entrenched in the fashion industry of Nepal through the fashion boutiques, this industry would ultimately have a very unique image, so much so that Nepal should also consider it as a potential forte. To understand the current Naples fashion boutiques industry and see the area of potential in it, who better to ask than boutique owners? These are the people who are in the industry; who know about fashion, designs, and trends ultimately shaping the Naples fashion industry into new forms. They are the people who are learning about what is happening in the industry right now and what will or should happen in the future of the fashion industry of Nepal. So, I have decided to survey the boutique owners of the Splendor area of Paten since that seems to be the centre point of the boutique industry of Katmandu valley. With this research, I hope to understand the current market of fashion boutiques in Nepal and discover its constraints as well as potential scope. I have always been fascinated by the fashion industry. It is a mixture of art, pop culture, ideas and creativity. The fashion industries everywhere in the world are on new levels while the Naples fashion industry is still in its infancy. One of the major components of the total fashion industry of Nepal is the fashion boutique industry. Being a business student, I see considerable scope in this industry since it has a constantly growing market and it has the ability to revive itself with the changing times because of the creativity of the designers involved. I chose to research about he fashion boutique industry to see where the boutiques stand in the Naples fashion industry at the moment, to examine the constraints imposed for its growth and to assess its possible scope. As a result, I want to find out whether there is a possibility that it will stand and even compete in the same level with the imported ready-to-wear industry of Nepal in the future. The questions that I would like to address in this study are: 1. What is the current state of fashion boutique industry in Nepal? 2. What are the factors that are hindering the growth of the boutiques of Nepal? . What is the scope of the fashion boutique industry in Nepal? 4. What should be done to propel the fashion boutique industry into an established and respected industry in the country? 1. 3 Objectives of the Study 1. 3. 1 General Objective The main objective of this research is to find out the actual state of the boutique industry of Katmandu I. E. The present state, constraints and t he future scope of the industry. 1. 3. 2 Specific objectives 1. To understand the current state of the fashion boutiques in Katmandu. 2. To identify the constraints faced by the fashion boutiques 3. To identify the scope and opportunities for the fashion boutique industry 1. 4 Importance of the study Fashion is important to almost everyone. Gone are the days where clothes were only used to hide your body or protect it. These days, clothing and style plays a huge role in peoples’ lives. Every day, we see hundreds of people. Whether we see them on the street, at work, at school, or on television, people pass through our visual field. It may be intentional or unintentional but we form opinions about people based on their style of dress. This study will be useful in understanding the current state of fashion boutique industry of Nepal. It will help to determine, as well as, understand the obstacles and constraints faced by the boutique owners of Nepal. It will even help to understand about the state of mind of the Naples in terms of the connection between fashion and boutiques, and also about the influences of international fashion in Nepal. With the completion of this research, areas of potential or scope of the boutique industry or where this industry should be heading will be clear and the possibility of generation of market in fashion will be illustrated. This research will be helpful to anyone who wants a glimpse of the fashion boutique industry of Nepal. It will also be helpful to those people who will want to go in the boutique industry in the future, for creative or business purposes, as the project will illuminate where this industry is heading. 1. 5. Limitations of the study This study is not absolutely free from limitations; the limitations that may be observed are as follows: a. You read "Fashion Boutique Industry of Kathmandu" in category "Fashion" Since the study use primary and secondary data in order to prepare report, the data collection might be influenced by social crisis and personal influence of the data collector. . As the study is to be conducted by the students themselves, many opportunities to conduct a detailed market research may e lost due to budget and time constraints. C. The primary data used in this research will be from only a random sample of boutiques, which may not reflect the opinions of the boutique o wners of the entire industry. D. The secondary data used in this research is limited as no such research has been done in Nepal in the past. E. The study may lack exact information because it is based on the opinions and information provided by the surveyed boutique owners. F. Certain information may be based on approximation. G. Many of the respondents may not answer the questions provided in the questionnaire. Fashion, design and clothing can incorporate a wide range of different activities: These days, almost everything is related to fashion, from cars to architecture to stationery (AS Consultation y Formica ¶n, 2008). However, in this report, when we refer to the fashion sector we will be using the term in its most traditional sense – as the original fashion sector that has expanded to incorporate other parts of our life – the clothing sector and fashion in terms of the way people dress. Apparel products are typically classified into broad categories, such as basic commodity products (knit underwear and socks), fashion-basic products (dress shirts, casual slacks, and knit sportswear), â€Å"better† fashion (moderately priced dresses and suits), â€Å"bridge† fashions (higher priced ready-to-wear fashion products), designer collections (high quality and expensive ready-to-wear fashion products) and custom-made haute couture (Abernathy, et al. , 1999). These fashion categories are often portrayed in a â€Å"fashion pyramid† in which products are arrayed according to factors such as fashion content, length of product life cycle, quality, and price (see Figure 1). The Fashion Pyramid More Fashion Content More Product Differentiation Designer Greater Demand Uncertainty Collections Higher Quality Fabric Higher Price Shorter Product Cycles Shorter Production Runs Diagram 2: The Fashion Pyramid (Derringer Cretan, 2006). The boutiques of Nepal fall in the category of Better Fashions or Bridge Fashion collections. A boutique is a small shopping outlet, especially one that specializes in elite and fashionable items such as clothing and Jewelry. In terms of Nepal, boutiques are a small shopping outlets specializing in fashionable ready-to wear items, as well as a home to the boutique owner’s creations. Dozens of boutiques and fashion designing companies lining up from Bagman Bridge to Himalayan Hotel in Expandable is enough to indicate that fashion has already grown up as an entrepreneurship in Katmandu. Youth have started to see a good prospect in fashion as entrepreneurship. National Institute of Art and Fashion Designing, India Education Center, Unman College of Fashion Technology, Alkaloid Institute of Fashion Designing and Lord Buddha Education Foundation are some of the institute offering fashion education in Nepal. The scene in the Nepal fashion industry is not quite bleak indeed. Fashion boutiques are growing in Katmandu and in other cities like Dharma, Pokka, Butyl, and Bipartisan, too (Timpanist, 2009). Small fashion boutiques remain to have certain advantages over larger retail formats. It is found that find that small fashion boutiques excel in relational marketing and store branding. Small boutiques operators invest their effort in relational marketing by developing friendship with a group of core customers and supplying accurate fashion information to all customers. Although small fashion retailers cannot afford to have specialized marketing staff or a budget for mass media advertisements, their mall size put them in a position to develop relational marketing with their customers much more thoroughly and deeply than large fashion retailers. Also, small fashion boutiques effectively gain store brand equity through flexible visual merchandising and cultivating a charismatic image for the operator. (Chew, 2009) The marketing of boutique follows the conventional marketing patterns, which is dependent on selection of venue of the outlets and the product mix (designs and sizes), as well as the promotional strategy. Furthermore, the boutique owner has to marketing techniques like: -Displaying and distributing it as proper places Usage of electronic media: I. E. Rejection of the boutique in fashion programs, advertisement on television, and provision of dresses to various television plays and films. -Even arrangement: like fashion shows and photo-shoots Moreover, in order to keep abreast with the emerging trends and client tastes, surveys regarding customer satisfaction/needs should be regular feature of the project. As this project deals in designer women wear, therefore the product mix will comprise of different styles of the female dresses in different sizes. Fashion is in an era of change driven by designers, consumers and brands. The fashion industry today, in Nepal like in India, is a mixture of influences due to globalization resulting in a shift in the socio-cultural, economic, demographic and cryptographic make up of the country; these directly and indirectly have an impact on fashion (Insight Inshore, 2011). From the many fashion schools, institutes and other small scale institutes, there has been a birth of a new breed of experimental designers with no reservations about any mode of self expression. There is a rise of new target groups across the diverse sub-continent. Further, there is an increased awareness of fashion accelerated by advances in technology and media proliferation (Insight Inshore, 2011). Boutiques currently have a high potential market, but something missing. There is a shallow awareness of diverse target segments; there isn’t an in-depth understanding to identify diverse requirements new segments. There is an ability to predict the effect of regular media influences on existing target groups, dependence on western trend adaptations; there isn’t an ability to forecast fashion adaptations across a diverse map (Insight Inshore, 2011). There is a traditional static, consumer-research eased approach to design strategy; there isn’t a dynamic approach driven by an understanding of trends, and shoppers along with traditional consumer research. There is mostly independent design and business strategies; there isn’t a cohesive design and business strategy that is borne out of trend, consumer shopper research. 1. 7 Conceptual framework In Nepal, small fashion boutiques that provide its clients with custom-made as well as ready-made innovative designs of clothing. They are becoming increasingly popular, as seen by their presence in every major street of the Katmandu valley. It is essential to analyze their current state so that the future or scope of the boutique industry can be accurately predicted. Purpose of boutiques Cost Customers Socio-economic changes Political scenario Area of expertise Regulations Resource management Competition Diagram 1: Conceptual Framework In this context, this study has made the framework given below to get a glimpse of the fashion boutique industry of Nepal. Here, by getting an idea of the purpose of boutiques, cost and their customers, we can get a pretty good idea about the current state of fashion boutiques of Nepal. From the current state, the future of this industry can be illuminated by exploring the opportunities of this industry such as changes in the socio-economy of the country, finding particular areas of expertise or niche, and expanding resource base. But the growth of the industry is hindered to a certain extent by factors such as competition, regulations of governments, and the political scenario of the country. All this is illustrated in the framework above. 1. 8 Research Methods 1. 8. 1 Study Area The study was conducted by surveying the boutique owners of Katmandu valley, primarily of the Splendor area of Paten. The boutiques were randomly selected and surveyed. I chose this particular location for my study because it is one of the thriving places for boutiques and fashion in Nepal right now, as seen with the entire road being lined up with boutiques on either side. 1. 8. 2 Research Design The main purpose of this study is to give more information about fashion industry of Nepal. Hence, with the help of this study, we come to know about the current state of fashion boutique industry and find its potential scope that is very important for the people who have an interest in this industry, for personal or professional purposes. Therefore, the research design is descriptive in nature. 1. 8. 3 Nature and Source of Data Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Since the study use both sources of information, both qualitative and quantitative data were utilized for the study. To get information on this study about the current state of fashion boutique industry, various published articles were used. And in order to learn about the future scope of the fashion industry and current market as well, primary data was viewed. Primary data was collected from the randomly selected boutique owners of Splendor and secondary data and information was collected from various published articles and reports, though very little secondary data was used. 1. 8. 4 Data Collection Techniques The structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data for the study is attached in Annex 2. A set of structured questionnaire was developed to conduct interviews with owners of fashion boutiques. All the information that includes the current market, constraints and scope of the fashion industry was asked with the help of the closed questionnaire. For the sampling procedure, 20 boutiques were elected and the owners of those boutiques were asked questions about their understandings and opinions of the boutique and fashion industry of Nepal. The convenience sampling technique was made use of in the study area. 1. 8. 5 Data Analysis and Report Writing All the collected data has been properly processed by entering the collected data in the computer software SIPS. In SIPS, through the use of various mathematical and statistical tools, the collected data has been refined and analyzed. Different tables, charts, diagrams and graphs have been used as applicable. All these findings have en presented well in the summer project report. CHAPTER – II DATA ANALYSIS AND MAJOR FINDINGS This chapter is the heart of the report. The questionnaires filled by participants are tabulated and analyzed in order to come closer to our objectives. That very analysis is mainly presented in this chapter with the help of figures and charts. Questionnaire brief 20 boutique owners of Splendor had filled out the questionnaire (prototype in Annex) I had provided them with. Below, the answers provided by them are analyzed in order to understand the fashion boutique industry of Nepal and explore its scopes and threats. Note: The words â€Å"boutique owner† and â€Å"designer† are used interchangeably as in case of this report, they both are the same person. In some of the charts and graphs, the total response has come to more than 20 because some respondents have treated the question as multi-response questions. Data Presentation and Analysis 1 . Current state of fashion boutique industry The current state of the boutique fashion industry largely depends on the character, nature, and skill levels of the ones who control the industry I. E. The boutique owners. Presented below is a graph illustrating the basic demography (education level and ender) of those very owners. Figure 1: Education and gender of boutique owners Field study, 2011 As we can see here, 90% of the boutique owners are female while only 10% of them are male. This isn’t a big surprise because it is usually women who are more interested in fashion and trends in general in most societies. Also, all of the owners have completed their bachelor level and some have even achieved their masters’ degree. From the surveys filled out by them, it is seen that all of them have done some kind of course or training related to fashion or design such as Diploma in Fashion Designing, Bachelor in Fashion Design, etc. Some have even gone abroad for their trainings, such as Sunlit Martha Sahara, owner of Jaeger who studied in Metro Design Institute of North Carolina, USA. We can clearly see from the study that currently, all the boutique owners of Katmandu are highly trained professionals with extensive knowledge and training in their fields. 1. 1 Purpose When the boutique owners were asked why they had decided to open a boutique and Join the industry, the results were as follows: Figure 2: Purpose of opening boutiques A staggering 90% of the boutique owners claim to have opened a boutique because hey have a passion for designing and creating new things. Only 10% have chosen this field for other reasons. In the questionnaire, these 10% of the owners have mentioned that they chose this field because they wanted to â€Å"earn money with [their] creativity and skills that [they] possessed as designers†. We see that most boutique owners have chosen to be in this field because they followed their heart. As we have already established in the introduction part of this project that fashion boutiques are small shopping outlets specializing in fashionable ready-to wear items and custom- How to cite Fashion Boutique Industry of Kathmandu, Essays

Nursing Research Methods and Critical

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Research for Methods and Critical. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to find and evaluate a research article from the journal of clinical nursing. This form of critical appraisal is necessary to analyze the importance of research findings and its applicability in different setting according to the context of research. The reviewer used appropriate framework to analyze the content, presentation and clarity of work. This form of systematic evaluation highlights the strength and weakness of the research and to identify the best current practice (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2014).This report specifically focuses on the comparative study of stressor in clinical environment experienced by student nurse and newly qualified general nurse. This is descriptive mixed-method research based on cross-sectional survey design to compare level of stress in different nurse group. It provides initial appraisal relating to the rationale for choosing the article along with structured appraisal using the CASP tool (Suresh, Matthews Coyne, 2013). Fi nally, the applicability of the research finding in clinical context is discussed to assess its importance for health organization. Finding evidence, evaluating evidence and making recommendation Finding evidence, own view on article and rational for choosing it The research article chosen from the journal of Clinical Nursing is a mixed-method study which compares the level of job stress in nurses in the clinical environment and explores the views of participants on their perception of stress in work. Both descriptive qualitative analysis as well as quantitative analysis had been conducted through open-ended questionnaire and use of stress assessment tool. The main group participants included new qualified nurse and final year student nurse to identify the perceived difference in opinion regarding the level of stress and stressors in clinical environment. The survey with the participants helped in identifying different themes leading to stress such excessive work load, increased demand and expectation of patients and care providers, complex work relationship and gap in clinical nursing. A relation between academic demand and clinical placement was also found in nurses of both groups (Suresh, Matthews Coyne, 2013). Therefore, if the reliabil ity of the research literature is identified, it can act as an effective framework to bring about positive change in clinical environment for nurses. I have chosen this article as it is clinical importance piece of research to bring improvement in nursing performance. It has been found that nurse performances in hospital are often affected because of stress in the job. There is immense stress in the job due to increase in disease, work hours, shortage of staff and poor interpersonal relationship. The level of stress has also escalated due to increased use of health information technology, rise in medical cost and complex work environment (Hayes, Douglas Bonner, 2015). Stress has adverse consequences not just on the individual nurse, but also on the health outcome of patients and reputation of health organization. Nurse experience burn out due to stress and cannot focus on task thus compromising the health of patients. It leads to errors in professional practice as well as physical deterioration of health and psychological well being of nurse as well as patients (O Donovan, Doody Lyons, 2013). Hence, seeing this problem faced by clinical nurse and its significant impact on the patients and performance of hospitals, I feel this article is useful as it provides insight into the issues faced by nurses. This research article can have positive implication to address stress and stressors in nursing environment. On analyzing the article chosen from Journal of Clinical Nursing, I observed that the researcher carried out both quantitative and qualitative research to analyze all aspects of stress. I found the article to be reliable and trustworthy piece of evidence as the result accurately presented different themes of stress and it will be useful in determining the appropriate support structure in hospital that can enhance the performance of nurses. The two main hypothesis of the research was that stress level is higher in newly qualified nurse compared to student nurses and the perception of stress for both groups will be different. The factors used in nursing stress scale gave the research its rigor and trustworthiness of results. Use of this stress scale gave the research the required validity and reliability to be accepted (Mertens, 2014).The main factor covered in the stress scale included work load, death and dying, lack of clinical preparation, uncertainty in treatment and its outcome, conflict with physician and other nurses. A detailed quantitative data was provided regarding the perceived range of each factor in qualified nurses and student nurses (Suresh, Matthews Coyne, 2013). Therefore, the first hypothesis was proved, however the result was against the second hypothesis as statistical analysis showed that there was difference between stress score the different group of nurses. After analyzing the results of the article, it can be confirmed that stress remains a cause of concern for clinical environment. Both quantitative and qualitative results of the research showed that workload has impact on retention and performance of nurses (Reeve et al., 2013). The suggestion provided by the researcher is also useful to manage stress and provide proper counseling support to nurses. Continuous stress management intervention followed by regular evaluation of nursing performance can help in improving quality of nursing performance and create a positive stress-free work environment. Due to the increased demand of the health service, it is also apparent that some level of stress will always be present in nursing, however, nurses need to learn the skills of proactively managing stress within the clinical environment (Pines et al., 2012). This article will be an effective step to improve the provisions of quality care in nursing. Appraisal of article through CASP tool Systematic review of article is an approach to critically appraising research findings through defining the research question and identifying the eligibility criteria for the search. The subsequent steps are to synthesize the data and interpret the results to determine the credibility and significance of the research in different context (Taylor et al., 2014). The three broad issues that will be considered for appraising the research article through CASP tool- Analyzing the validity of the research Describing the results of the study Explaining the importance of research locally Screening question of CASP tool Clear statement of aim of the research- yes The article by Suresh, Matthews Coyne, (2013) clearly stated the aim of the research by stating that they want to identify and compare the perceived level of stress in final year nursing students and newly qualified nurses. This research was thought importance because adverse impact of stress in nursing environment such as error in nursing practice, poor patient health outcome and psychological stress (Johnston et al., 2013). Stress particularly prevails in the first six months of after placement in hospital, therefore this comparison was important. Is qualitative method appropriate?- No Qualitative method will help in determining the cause of stress and identification of major themes. For this research, qualitative method was not appropriate and quantitative data was also necessary to statistically evaluate the response rate to stress as well as compare the issues related to stress among two groups of nurses. Mixed method study was also important because of lack of adequate quantitative data to support qualitative research on the same topic (Creswell, 2014). Continuity question of CASP tool Appropriateness of research question in relation to aim of research- Yes The researchers have appropriately justified the rational for doing descriptive mixed method study as it was necessary to compare the stress level in two groups. Therefore, for getting the data on perceived level of stress, cross-sectional survey design and self-reporting questionnaire was taken to compare stress level in nurses working in Ireland. Appropriateness of recruitment strategy according to aim of research- Yes The selection of participant was relevant to the aim of the research and the detail on recruitment process was briefly provided by the researcher. 120 newly qualified nurse and 128 student nurse were recruited from six hospitals in Ireland. The inclusion strategy for sampling was to select those qualified nurse who were working in full capacity in acute care setting and nurse student must be working in acute general ward (Suresh, Matthews Coyne, 2013). Reliability of data collection to address the research issue- Not appropriate The research article clearly stated data collection through cross-sectional descriptive survey design through postal survey, however the rational for this method of data collection was not provided. Although complete detail on method of conducting survey was provided by different means of distribution of questionnaires in different hospital, however the questionnaires lacked detail on demographic data. This was the limitation of the method as it would have lead to further insights into the results (Suresh, Matthews Coyne, 2013). Consideration of relationship between researcher and participants- Partly done The researcher tried to maintain credibility of research by taking ethical approval from Research Ethics Committee and by taking steps to minimize the biasness in result by taking a neutral stance on the topic. This had minimum impact of result and true perceptions of nurses were only defined. However, the researcher made sure to take those participants who were willing to take part in the survey (Ritchie, et al., 2013).No change to research design were made, however data collection approach was different for different hospital. Consideration of ethical issues- Yes The ethical standards of research were maintained at different stages of research. Firstly nurse will for participating was considered and it addressed the issue of informed consent and maintaining confidentiality in research. Secondly approval for research was also sought fron University Research Ethics Committee. During collection also, ethical and access approval was taken from all six hospital in Ireland (Suresh, Matthews Coyne, 2013). Strength of data analysis- Yes Thematic analysis was done by means of identifying different themes through nursing stress scale. The complete detail of quantitative analysis through mean score was done by SPSS software package. In qualitative analysis, a sequential pattern was followed according to different theme or cause of stress. Suresh, Matthews Coyne, (2013) also put stress on minimizing biasness by removing their own personal view on the topic and concentrating mostly on verbatim response of participants. Sufficient data and statistical analysis was done and contradictory finding according to the hypothesis was also analyzed. Clarity of research findings- Yes There is clarity in research finding as the qualitative and quantitative results were clearly discussed separately in different sections. Every step had been taken to maintain clarity in results. For example, to facilitate comparison of score, the researcher took steps to assign mean score as to help in thematic as well as numerical analysis. It gave the research validity as major issues leading to stress were identified according to high and low score for each group. Through the verbatim comments of student nurses and newly placed nurses, appropriate themes was presented and discussed separately. The Suresh, Matthews Coyne, (2013) also took steps to discuss the credibility of findings by comparing it with previous study on similar topic. Reliability of the research- yes Suresh, Matthews, Coyne, (2013) reported the about the viability of researched compared to other studies. Contradictory findings according to different themes of stress were explicitly discussed. For example level of stress in relation to lack of preparation, staff support, uncertainty in treatment and conflict with health staffs was high in student nurses, however stress related to workload and conflict with physician was high in newly qualified nurse. The researcher clearly stated the significance of study in bringing changes in nursing education and clinical environment by giving an insight cause of stress in clinical environment. They gave the implication of study for bringing improvement in nursing education and workforce management in hospital. Knowledge translation Application of evidence in clinical context The purpose of critical appraisal of research article is to assess the whether the research is a reliable and trustworthy source of information and discuss whether the research finding can be realistically applied in clinical context. After the critical appraisal of the article on comparing the perceived stress level among newly qualified nurses and student nurse, many factors have been identified that lead to stress and hampers performance of nurse in clinical setting. If relevant health care organization is aware of this barrier in care, then they can take steps to address them and enhance the work environment and psychological well being of nurse. It can also help in improving the confidence level of the nurse and the ability to cope with stress in the job. The themes identified from survey of nurses perception on stress can be useful in bringing change in particular hospital. For example, Suresh, Matthews, Coyne, (2013) showed that stress is present irrespective of different group of nurse, however nature and level of stress changes during academic phase of nursing and during clinical placement phase. The major cause of stress and burnout among nurses according to the research included excessive load, poor interpersonal skills and work relationship, unmet clinical needs, inadequate nursing skills and uncertainty in treatment. There were issues related to lack of empowerment as nurses reported they are forced to listen to physician to maintain professional relationship even when they do not agree with them. Some lacked confidence due to feeling of isolation and some were anxious to to assuming a new responsible role after placement. Therefore findings can be applied in real clinical context by addressing issues of retention difficulties and lack of staffs in nursing. The health care organization and clinical leaders can take steps to evaluate rate of turnover and the reasons for it. This would help in identifying the issues related to turnover and proposing appropriate policy changes to improve retention and enable availability of adequate number of staffs according to patient ratio at the hospital. Some relevant policy changes to improve retention and staffing issues may include change in recruitment strategy, orientation and training and taking steps to improve the work culture of hospital and propose regular quality assessment to maintain quality of care (Li Jones, 2013). Lack of clinical skill also act as stressors in nursing practice, therefore this provides future implication to review the nursing curriculum and placement procedure to ensure that nurses with adequate clinical skills work at the general ward level. This will help to reduce stress level in the job and improve clinical competence of newly qualified nurse. A research study by Cheng et al., (2014) is also the best evidence which showed that a pre-graduate clinical training program given to students before placement helped to increase the competence of nurses and changes their intention to leave the job. Therefore, if nurse educators and health care administrators take steps to provide such clinical training to nurses, then it will be conducive for nurse to adapt to the job and they will develop high self-esteem due to enhance performance and patients health outcome due to their nursing care. The findings of the research article by Suresh, Matthews, Coyne, (2013) can also be applied in the clinical context to bring changes in induction period of nursing placement. The survey through questionnaire revealed that many newly qualified nurse wished to have a buddy in their first clinical placement as they will not dominate over them and also guide them in case of any issue they face in nursing practice. The hospital managers or nurse leaders can learn from this and introduce such systems for newly placed nurse to reduce their stress level and enhance their first clinical experience in the job. There is also evidence from study by Schmutz Manser, (2013) which demonstrated that if team work process in hospital is improved, then it lead to better coordination in health service and also help to reduce conflicts of nurse students with others nurse and physician. It will lead to a positive outcome for patients due to improvement in performance of nurses. Evaluation of applicability of evidence in clinical field If the above evidence-based intervention is effectively applied in clinical setting, it will soon enhance the reputation of the hospital due to delivery of high quality of care. However, before implementing any such change in the organization, the application process must be evaluated to ensure the purpose of change is achieved. This evaluation can be done by clinical reasoning skills and finding other similar research studies which supports efficacy of such results. The evaluation process is not easy, and many hospital administrators fail to embed evidence based practice into routine clinical practice due to lack of knowledge in interpreting research studies and inability to take time out to carry out such evaluation. The attitude of hospital administrators can also be a barrier in evaluation of intervention as they mostly perceive that research studies are separate from actual clinical practice and this cannot be realistically applied (Scott et al., 2013). Evaluation of the efficacy of the intervention can be easier if health care organization become accountable to ensure delivery of safe and high quality care. They will have to embrace evidence-based practice to challenge traditional work process and address issues that exist in nursing practice since the inception of service. Therefore, the organizations readiness to change can have impact on successfully bringing new innovation in health practice. The success of applicability of research finding is also dependent on alignment of change with evidence-based practice. Analysis of any intervention based on best evidence based research will help the nurse to ease the pressure in practice and improve the coping skills in clinical practice (Woods, 2013). Conclusion The report critically evaluated the credibility and applicability of the research article on comparison of stress and stressors experienced by newly placed nurse and final year nursing students. The rational for choosing the article was explained and this article was chosen due to the increased report of shortage of nurses and burnout issues in nurse in clinical setting. A systematic and structured evaluation of the research article was done by critical appraisal through CASP tool. This step was effective in assessing the clarity, strength and weakness of the research study. Finally method of applicability of research finding in clinical context helped to determine how understanding of factors associated with stress can help health administrators to address the problem and bring change in work process and health policy in particular hospital. Embedding evidence based practice in routine clinical practice can serve to address the issues in clinical context (French et al., 2012). Reference Cheng, C. Y., Tsai, H. M., Chang, C. H., Liou, S. R. (2014). New graduate nurses clinical competence, clinical stress, and intention to leave: A longitudinal study in Taiwan.The Scientific World Journal,2014. Creswell, J. W. (2014).A concise introduction to mixed methods research. Sage Publications. Do team processes really have an effect on clinical performance? A systematic literature review.British Journal of Anaesthesia, aes513. French, S. D., Green, S. E., OConnor, D. A., McKenzie, J. E., Francis, J. J., Michie, S., ... Grimshaw, J. M. (2012). Developing theory-informed behaviour change interventions to implement evidence into practice: a systematic approach using the Theoretical Domains Framework.Implementation Science,7(1), 1. Hayes, B., Douglas, C., Bonner, A. (2015). Work environment, job satisfaction, stress and burnout among haemodialysis nurses.Journal of nursing management,23(5), 588-598. Johnston, D. W., Jones, M. C., Charles, K., McCann, S. K., McKee, L. (2013). Stress in nurses: Stress-related affect and its determinants examined over the nursing day.Annals of Behavioral Medicine,45(3), 348-356. Li, Y., Jones, C. B. (2013). A literature review of nursing turnover costs.Journal of nursing management,21(3), 405-418. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J. (2014).Nursing research: Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Schmutz, J., Manser, T. (2013). Mertens, D. M. (2014).Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications. O Donovan, R., Doody, O., Lyons, R. (2013). The effect of stress on health and its implications for nursing. Pines, E. W., Rauschhuber, M. L., Norgan, G. H., Cook, J. D., Canchola, L., Richardson, C., Jones, M. E. (2012). Stress resiliency, psychological empowerment and conflict management styles among baccalaureate nursing students.Journal of advanced nursing,68(7), 1482-1493. Reeve, K. L., Shumaker, C. J., Yearwood, E. L., Crowell, N. A., Riley, J. B. (2013). Perceived stress and social support in undergraduate nursing students' educational experiences.Nurse Education Today,33(4), 419-424. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Scott, I., Del Mar, C., Hoffmann, T., Bennett, S. (2013). Embedding evidence-based practice into routine clinical care.Evidence-Based Practice Across the Health Professions, 391. Suresh, P., Matthews, A., Coyne, I. (2013). Stress and stressors in the clinical environment: A comparative study of fourth?year student nurses and newly qualified general nurses in ireland.Journal of Clinical Nursing,22(5-6), 770-779. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04145.x Taylor, M. J., McNicholas, C., Nicolay, C., Darzi, A., Bell, D., Reed, J. E. (2014). Systematic review of the application of the plandostudyact method to improve quality in healthcare.BMJ quality safety,23(4), 290-298. Woods, A. D. (2013). Implementing evidence into practice.Nursing2015,43(2), 4-6.